Dugout dwellings, a type of house which was built on a deep hole excavated into the side of a hill, were used by 19th century European pioneers as first homes as they established their farmsteads in the upper middle west of the United States.

Conjectural drawing of the dugout dwelling of Anna Byberg Christopherson Goulson
Photo Credit: Steve Culler (c) 2003
In 2002, archaeologist Donald Linebaugh (formerly at the University of Kentucky and now at the University of Maryland) conducted archaeological research, including historical background and excavation of the ruins of a dugout dwelling, built in western Minnesota by Lars and Anna Byberg Christopherson about 1870 and used for at least a decade.
This week's photo essay "Dugout Dwellings" includes covering the history and results of Linebaugh's excavation.

Conjectural drawing of the dugout dwelling of Anna Byberg Christopherson Goulson
Photo Credit: Steve Culler (c) 2003
This week's photo essay "Dugout Dwellings" includes covering the history and results of Linebaugh's excavation.
- Dugout Dwellings: A Photo Essay
- Pioneer Housing in 19th Century Minnesota, more on the archaeology of dugouts


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