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Pseudo-Ezekiel Manuscript 4Q386

The Dead Sea Scrolls

Pseudo-Ezekiel - Dead Sea Scroll Manuscript 4Q386

Pseudo-Ezekiel - Dead Sea Scroll Manuscript 4Q386

Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority. Tsila Sagiv, photographer
Included with the books of the Hebrew bible and the sectarian manuscripts were many other religious writings, called the Apocrypha and the Pseudepigrapha. The 'Apocrypha' (which means 'hidden texts' in Greek) are ancient Jewish religious texts which were omitted from the Hebrew bible (the Protestant Old Testament) but collected in the Catholic Old Testament. The 'Pseudepigrapha', or 'false writings' in Greek, are Jewish religious books that were not collected in either the Hebrew bible or the Catholic Old Testament. They are called 'false writings' because the authors often used aliases; in this example, the Pseudo-Ezekiel, this anonymous writer has taken the name and persona of Ezekiel to describe events in Jewish history.

This manuscript is the best preserved copy of a previously unknown composition. A non-biblical vision about future events in Egypt relating to the people of Israel is revealed to Ezekiel. This text is open to much interpretation as the events and figures revealed are enigmatic. Parchment, Hebrew language, written 2nd century B.C.E.

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