Glossary: E Terms

E-Group
E-Groups are a collection of specific buildings found on over 70 Maya archaeological sites, which might have been used for observing the movements of the sun.

Ancient Egypt: Timeline and Description
Ancient Egypt is considered to have begun about 3050 BC, when the first pharaoh Menes united Lower Egypt (referring to the river delta region of the Nile River), and Upper Egypt (everything south of the delta).

Early Farming Dispersal Hypothesis
Archaeologist Peter Bellwood argues that the spread of agriculture occurred through the movement of human populations, not the ideas.

Earthlodge
An earthlodge is the name given by archaeologists to refer to a kind of permanent house, built of wattle and daub construction and covered over with sod.

East Wenatchee (USA)
The East Wenatchee site, also known as the Richey-Roberts site, is a cache of finished and unfinished Clovis projectile points, found in Washington State.

Eastern Agricultural Complex
The Eastern Agricultural Complex refers to the whole range of plants that were selectively tended by Native Americans in eastern North American and the American midwest before corn and beans reached there

Ebla (Syria)
Ebla is the name of an Early Bronze Age archaeological site in northern Syria, occupied beginnning in the 4th millennium BC through the 7th century AD.

Economic Archaeology
A subdiscipline of archaeology or maybe just a byproduct, economic archaeology is the study of how people control their economic resources, most particularly but not entirely, their food supply.

Ebro Frontier
The Ebro Frontier is what archaeologists and paleontologists call a biogeographic zone located in the northern Iberian peninsula, that might have protected Neandertals from their aggressive siblings: us.

Edirne (Turkey)
The ancient city of Edirne is located in far western Turkey, and is best known for its stunningly beautiful mosques built during the Ottoman Empire.

Egnatia Way
The Egnatia Way (or Via Egnatia) was a major Roman thoroughfare, built in the second century BC as a military road connecting the southern Adriatic coast to the northern Aegean sea.

Egolzwil (Switzerland)
Egolzwil is an Alpine Neolithic (late 5th millennium BC) lake dwelling site in Canton Lucerne, Switzerland on the shores of Lake Wauwil.

Eel Point (California)
Eel Point is an archaeological site located on the central western shore of San Clemente Island, a Channel Island located off the California coast.

El Atadijizo, Dominican Republic
El Atajadizo is an ancient Taino village located in the Dominican Republic, Caribbean Islands.

Egtved Girl (Denmark)
Egtved is an extremely well-preserved burial of a Bronze age woman (ca. 1370 BC) located in south Jutland, Denmark.

Egyptian Blue
Egyptian Blue is a blue pigment used in faience and other potteries by the artists of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Imperial Rome.

El Nino Southern Oscillation
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the name given to a climatological effect that has caused havoc in the present and in the past.

El Sec (Spain)
El Sec is the name given to an unknown Punic shipwreck off the coast of Majorca, Spain, 450 BC.

Elam (Iran)
Elam was the name of ancient Near Eastern kingdom in what is now southwestern Iran, beginning about 3100-3000 BC.

El Paraiso (Peru)
El Paraíso is the name of an early preceramic or Cotton Preceramic site in the Chillon River Valley of coastal Peru.

Emmer Wheat
Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) is believed to represent the progenitor plant for most of the domesticated wheat today.

Enclosed Settlements
Enclosed settlements are a type of archaeological site found around the world at different periods.

Elmina (Ghana)
Elmina is the name of a Portuguese colony built in 1482 in coastal Ghana.

Enkapune Ya Muto (Kenya)
The Enkapune Ya Muto rockshelter (also called Twilight Cave) is a Late Stone Age site located on the Mau Escarpment of the central Rift Valley in Kenya.

Engaruka (Tanzania)
The archaeological site of Engaruka dates to the late Iron Age (15th to 16th centuries AD), and is located in the Rift Valley of Tanzania.

Environmental Archaeology
Environmental archaeology is the name given to the theoretical underpinning in archaeology that in some way considers the environmental aspects of a particular culture.

Ephesus (Turkey)
The archaeological ruins of the Ionian city of Ephesus are located in western Turkey at the mouth of the Cayster River as it enters the Aegean Sea.

Enlightenment
The Enlightenment is the name given to the period in European history during the 18th and early 19th centuries, when there was a re-birth of interest in science and nature.

Epidauros (Greece)
Epidauros is the name of a small city and Greek sanctuary dedicated to Asklepios located on an Mediterranean Sea inlet.

Erlitou (China)
Erlitou is a very large Bronze Age (Shang or Xia Dynasty) site located 9 kilometers southwest of Yanshi City in Henan Province of China.

Ertebolle-Ellerbeck culture
The Ertebolle-Ellerbeck culture is the name given to the Late Mesolithic/Early Neolithic communities of northern Europe.

Essouk-Tadmakka (Mali)
The archaeological site of Essouk-Tadmakka was an important Arabic/Islamic trading center during the 10th-12th centuries AD.

Etiolles (France)
Etiolles is the name of an Upper Paleolithic (Magdalenian) site located on the Seine River near Corbeil-Essonnes about 30 kilometers south of Paris, France.

Etowah Mounds 9sad)
Etowah Mounds are a group of enormous mounds which represent a chiefdom level center of the Mississippian Civilization: the ruins in Georgia are well worth a visit today.

Ethnoarchaeology
Ethnoarchaeology is the use of ethnologic (anthropological) data from living groups as an analogy for understanding people of the past.

Etowah (USA)
The Etowah mounds site is located on the Etowah River in northern Georgia in the southeastern United States.

Etruscan Civilization and Time Line
The Etruscan civilization was a cultural group in the Etruria region of Italy, from the 11th through the first century BC

Evolution
Evolution is the study of change. In its most basic sense, evolution is the scientific theory that all animals and plants have their beginnings in preexisting types.

Exchange Systems
Exchange systems and trade networks are important components of any human society, from hunter-gatherer groups to modern urban civilizations. Here's why

European Paleolithic Dogs
European Paleolithic dogs are archaeological specimens of very old dogs from the Upper Paleolithic in Europe.

Experimental Archaeology
Experimental archaeology is a branch of archaeological study that replicates or attempts to replicate past processes to understand how the deposits came about.