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Neanderthals - Sites and Debates

Neanderthals were a type of early hominid that lived on the planet earth between about 200,000 to 30,000 years ago. These include some of the sites and discussions about where and when Neanderthals lived.
Sequencing of Neanderthal DNA Begun
The nuclear DNA sequencing of our old human counterpart Neanderthal is in process, a task that even five years ago seemed impossible.
Neanderthals at Gorham's Cave, Gibraltar
Researchers working on the Gibraltar promontory have amassed a suite of about 30 AMS radiocarbon dates from stacked Neanderthal occupations at Gorham's Cave that suggest Neanderthals were still living on Gibraltar at about 25,000 years ago, fully 5,000 years after they have been thought to be gone from the world.
Shanidar Cave, Iraq
The Neanderthal site of Shanidar Cave is located adjacent to the modern village of Zawi Chemi Shanidar in northern Iraq, on the Zab River, one of the major tributaries of the Tigris. Believed to be an intentional burial.
Kebara Cave (Israel)
Archaeological cave site in Israel, with the first nearly complete skeleton of a Neanderthal individual (except the skull).
La Chapelle aux Saintes (France)
La Chapelle aux Saintes is an achaeological site in France, consisting of a Neaderthal skeleton, with chert and flint tools and a bison leg on his chest.
St. Césaire (France)
The archaeological site of St. Césaire, France is a rockshelter including multiple layers of prehistoric Mousterian, Châtelperronian, and Aurignacian components.
Mousterian
The Mousterian industry is an ancient Middle Stone Age method of making stone tools, associated with our hominid relatives the Neanderthals in Europe and both Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis in Africa.
Neanderthal and Human Life at Ortvale Klde Rockshelter, Georgia
About 35,000 years ago, our distant cousins the Neanderthals died out. What advantage did Homo sapiens have that allowed us to survive this early Darwinian conflict? Researchers working in a rockshelter in the republic of Georgia believe they have part of the answer.
Neanderthal Bibliography: Books and Journals about Neanderthals
A selected bibliography on Neanderthals, including recent books and journals published in the anthropological and archaeological literature.
Neanderthal
Neanderthals were a type of early hominid that lived on the planet earth between about 100,000 to 30,000 years ago.
Neanderthals Study Guide
A study guide to our distant cousins, the Neanderthals, including an overview, important facts, archaeological sites, suggestions for further reading and study questions.
Out of Africa Hypothesis
The Out of Africa or African Replacement Hypothesis argues that every living human being is descended from a small group in Africa.
Ysterfontein
Ysterfontein is a deeply stratified Middle Stone Age/Mousterian site on the Atlantic Ocean side of South Africa, some 70 kilometers north of Cape Town. This is an article on PNAS by Richard Klein and associates.

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