Several ordinary residences have been identified in many of the different communities. Construction relied primarily on adobe blocks, built atop mud-mortared stone foundations. Many of the structures are arranged in residential compounds around a small plaza which may have housed multiple families. Hearths and cooking areas were located in exterior courtyards, and some braziers and censers suggest ritual activity at the household level.
The Tula residents ate maize and amaranth, ground with metates and consumed as pozole and perhaps tamales. Crafts made at Tula include obsidian blades (over 500,000 pieces of obsidian have been found here, predominantly from the green Pachuca source 70 km (~45 mi) west of Tula), and possibly ceramic workshops. Mold-made figurines and salt were also produced at Tula.
Archaeological Studies
Archaeological investigations include those of Garcoa Cibas amd Desire Charnay in the late 19th century. Between 1940 and the mid-1950s, Jorge Acosta of INAH conducted a program of investigations and restorations. From the late 1960s and 1970s, two projects were led by INAH under the direction of Matos, and the University of Missouri by Richard Diehl and Dan Healan.
